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日本語 ようこそ Ch 1 Notes
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Erlkönig: 日本語 ようこそ Ch 1 Notes
These are my own notes, not an official part of any japanese class. ようこそ chapter 1 pp 82-126currently working on page 105 helpful phrases
forms: yes/no queries
forms: yes/no answers
forms: either/or queries
forms: は/も substitution to highlight similarityIn reply to statements in the form: は です。 One may highlight matching circumstance by replacing は with も as [ 本当 です か。] forms: polite お and ご prefixes in personal questions
age/birthday related (いくつ = how old):
forms: の for equivalence when topic is demonstrative pronoun
conversation: asking about someone in a picture
conversation: nationality of a person in a picture
conversation: sukiyaki and mistaken identity
conversation: asking origin, school year, and major
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山口: | ブラウンさん の ご出身 は どく です か。 (the ____の part is omittable) |
---|---|
ブラウン: | ボストン の 出身 です。 |
山口: | 何年生 です か。 |
ブラウン: | 三年生 です。 |
山口: | 専攻 は 何 です か。 |
ブラウン: | 歴史れきし学 です。 |
singular | plural (+たち) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
casual | normal | polite | casual | normal | polite | ||
1st person |
male | 樸ぼく | わたくし | 僕ぼくたち | |||
either | 私わたし | 私わたしたち | |||||
female | あたし | あたしたち | |||||
2nd person |
male | きみ | おたく |
あなたたち or あなたがた |
|||
either | あなた | ||||||
female | |||||||
3rd person |
male | (彼かれ) | あの方かた | 彼かれら or 彼かれたち |
あの方かたたち | ||
either | あの人ひと | あの人ひとたち | |||||
female | (彼女かのじょ) | 彼女かのじょら
or 彼女かのじょたち |
type | thing | place | direction | notes | adjective form |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
こ | これ | ここ | こちら | near speaker | この |
そ | それ | そこ | そちら | near listener | その |
あ | あれ | あそこ | あちら | near neither | あの |
ど | どれ | どこ | どちら | interrogative | どの |
1 of 3+ (which is...) |
1 of 2 (which is...) |
interrogative selects... |
N of 3+ (which are...) |
(note the adjective form taking a repetition of the noun)
町田さん の 本 は どの 本 です か。 (which are...)年/歳 sino-japanese |
年/つ japanese (also 人) |
月 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
一 | いっさい | 一歳 | ひとつ | 一つ | いちがつ | 一月 | january |
二 | にさい | 二歳 | ふたつ | 二つ | にがつ | 二月 | february |
三 | さんさい | 三歳 | みっつ | 三つ | さんがつ | 三月 | march |
四 | よんさい | 四歳 | よっつ | 四つ | しがつ | 四月 | april |
五 | ごさい | 五歳 | いつつ | 五つ | ごがつ | 五月 | may |
六 | ろくさい | 六歳 | むっつ | 六つ | ろくがつ | 六月 | june |
七 | ななさい | 七歳 | ななつ | 七つ | しちがつ | 七月 | july |
八 | はっさい | 八歳 | やっつ | 八つ | はちがつ | 八月 | august |
九 | きゅうさい | 九歳 | ここのつ | 九つ | くがつ | 九月 | september |
十 | じゅっさい | 十歳 | とう | 十 | じゅうがつ | 十月 | october |
十一 | じゅういっさい | 十一歳 | じゅういちがつ | 十一月 | november | ||
十二 | じゅうに | 十二歳 | じゅうにがつ | 十二月 | december | ||
二十 | にじゅっさい | 二十歳 | はたち | 二十 | |||
百 | ひゃくさい | 百歳 |
simulated data
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學生証 身分証明書 |
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kanji | reading | meaning | notes |
---|---|---|---|
學生証 | がくせいしょう | student-id | 學生 student + 証715proof |
身分 | みぶん | status | 身323body + 分199understand |
証明書 | しょうめいしょ | certificate | 証715proof + 明208clear + 書142write |
学籍番号 | がくせきばんごう | student-number | 学10learning + 籍1486register + (番196 + 号281)number |
氏名 | しめい | full name | 氏495family/full + 名71name |
年齢 | ねんれい | age | 年64year + 齢1925age (perhaps < years of tooth-counted age) |
生年月日 | birth y/m/d | ||
国籍 | こくせき | nationality | 国128country + 籍1486register |
出身地 | しゅっしんち | birthplace | 出32emerge + 身323body + 地167land |
住所 | じゅうしょ | address | 住310reside + 所312place |
学部 | がくぶ | academic dept. | 学10learning + 部384section |
専攻 | せんこう | specialization | 専914exclusive + 攻1247attack |
index | grade | kanji | on reading | kun reading | meaning | uses and other notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 一 | いち、いつ | ひと | 1, one | この人 は…。 |
61 | 1 | 二 | に | ふた | 2, two | 二十 (20)、二人 「ふたり」 |
23 | 1 | 三 | せん | み | 3, three | |
26 | 1 | 四 | し | よん、よ- | 4, four | once represented by 4 horizontal strokes, then replaced by the like-sounding kanji for a breath (八66 out(of) + 口20), possibly due to 四 resembling a fist. |
19 | 1 | 五 | ご | いつ | 5, five | once represented by 5 horizontal strokes, then replaced by the kanji for a thread-reel for phonetic and yarn-winding-related reasons |
76 | 1 | 六 | ろく | む- | 6, six | a variation of a roof kanji, phonetic substitute for an old kanji meaning clenched fist, and old way of showing 6. |
30 | 1 | 七 | しち | なな | 7, seven | once a horizontally-stretched 十, representing a line cutting another (one of several ancient 7s), favored perhaps due to resembling a bent finger under a fist, an old way of signing 7. |
66 | 1 | 八 | はち | や- | 8, eight in compounds: divide, disperse, away, out |
八つ当りやつあたり outburst of anger once written as )( split/divide and possibly similar to an ancient handsign for 8 of a fist with pinky and thumb extended. |
12 | 1 | 九 | きゅう、く | ここの | 9, nine | left side is a hand, right a bent elbow, an ancient manual representation for 9. |
33 | 1 | 十 | じゅう | とう | 10, ten | phonetic substitute once meaning needle for more complex kanji 拾 (rad. 手32 hand + 合121 join) |
67 | 1 | 百 | ひゃく | 100, hundred | 1 + 白, here meaning thumbnail, an old symbol for 100. replace top stroke with other digits for ancient forms of 200, 500, etc. | |
1 | 1 | 千 | せん | ち | 1000, thousand | rad. 人 + cross-stroke for 1. Based on partially phonetic symbolism of body for 1000. Add more cross-strokes for ancient form of 2000, 3000, etc. |
non-numbers | ||||||
6 | 1 | 音 | おん、いん | おと、ね | sound |
子音しいんconsonant 発音はつおんpronunciation 音学おんがくconsonant old form of 言274 with an added tongue, suggesting shout or sing. |
10 | 1 | 学 | がく | まな(ぶ) | learning, (school) | canonical form: 學10 |
16 | 1 | 月 | げつ、がつ | つき | moon, month | |
18 | 1 | 見 | けん | み- | look, see, show | テレビ を 見ます。 |
20 | 1 | 口 | こう、く | ぐち | mouth | |
24 | 1 | 山 | さん | やま | mountain | |
25 | 1 | 子 | し、す | こ | child | pictograph: swaddling infant waving arms |
34 | 1 | 出 | しゅつ | で-、だ- | emerge, put out | うち を 出ます。出口 (exit) |
39 | 1 | 人 | じん | ひと | person | |
42 | 1 | 生 | せい、しょう | なま | life, birth, grow | |
49 | 1 | 先 | せん | さき | precede, priority, tip, future, destination |
先生 |
53 | 1 | 大 | たい、だい | お(きい) | big | |
57 | 1 | 町 | ちょう | まち | town, block | |
59 | 1 | 田 | でん | た | rice field | |
62 | 1 | 日 | にち、じつ | ひ、-か | sun, day | 本日ほんじつ(today) |
64 | 1 | 年 | ねん | とし | year | 五年生ごねんせい(5th grader) |
68 | 1 | 文 | ぶん、もん | ふみ | writing, text | 文字もんじcharacter from an ancient glyph for intricately patterned overlaid collar, then intricate pattern, then writing |
70 | 1 | 本 | ほん | もと | root, true, book, this, cylinder counter |
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71 | 1 | 名 | めい、みょう | な | name, fame | 口20+夕44(= call) お 名まえ は… |
80 | 2 | 何 | か | なに、なん | what?, how many? | |
87 | 会 | かい、え | あ(う) | meet | resembles two 二 + noses 厶 + under a roof.
a rice pot and its lid which yield the intransitive come together / meet. Note that 云78speak is actually an erroneous substitution based on transitive put together and confusion of the real pot element with the mouth-with-tongue kanji. |
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91 | 2 | 外 | がい、げ | そと、ほか、はざ(す) | outside, other, undo | 夕44crescent moon suggesting shape of turtle shell + NGU character for divination, both phonetically suggesting cracks in the outside of the shell. |
101 | 2 | 教 | きょう | おし(える) | teach | 孝 [handless 學10] (emulation w/sticks + 子25 child) + 攵hand-with-stick |
112 | 2 | 語 | ご | かた(る) | tell, speak, talk obsolete: match someone verbally, speak well |
日本語 looks like: 言274 + 五 19 + 口 20 suggesting 5 mouths to speak a language. actually the 五/口 was 2 identical thread reels (see 五19) expressing well-matched (later resist and I/me from a person like any other). |
113 | 2 | 工 | こう、く | work | 人工じんこうmanmade 大工だいくcarpenter pictograph: carpenter's adze/square |
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119 | 2 | 高 | こう | たか、たか(い) | tall, high, sum | pictograph: tall watchtower |
123 | 2 | 国 | こく | くに | state, country, region | お国くに は どちら です か。 |
137 | 社 | しゃ | やしろ | shrine | 社会しゃかいsociety (as in togetherness at a shrine?) 示695sacrifice on bloody alter + 土60ground = alter ground or shrine |
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151 | 2 | 数 | すう、す | かず、かぞ(える) | number, count | 女35 and 米 201 rice, the latter a substitute for an obscure character for linking, comprise the left half shamaness. + 攵 hand-with-stick. The top-left and the shamaness symbol each suggest or connote chanting, yielding the rather mystical chanting while holding counting sticks. |
159 | 2 | 前 | ぜん | まえ | before, front | 「止129(footobs.) +舟1354(boat)」=(clog), +刀 (trim, now ignored) = (advance by trimming) |
214 | 2 | 友 | ゆう | とも | friend | 友人ゆうじん (friend), 友達ともだち (friend) (< 2 right-hands) |
220 | 2 | 理 | り | reason, rationale | 心理学しんいがくpsychology from 玉102jewel + 里219village with dividing paths yielding 中国語 split a jewel along preexisting flaws/paths within, then act carefully/ handle/ manage, then concentration, then using the mind, then reasoning |
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221 | 2 | 話 | わ | はなし、はな(す) | speech, talk | 言274word + 氏/口mouth/resound + goodphon. (see 氏495) |
227 | 3 | 育 | いく | raise, educate | inverted 子25 child + amnion beneath as in older 流409, ancient form surmounted by sitting variant of 女35 woman for the birthing mother. | |
229 | 3 | 院 | いん | an institute | 病院びょういんhospital 寺院じいんtemple rad. hill + top-right roof + 元 origin (sounding like fence/wall) |
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238 | 3 | 化 | か、け | ば(けう) | change, bewitch | 変化へんかchange 化粧けしょうmake-up 化け者ばけもの'spook' 人39(standing) person + fallen person (implying a change of state) + (by one theory) deceivephon. |
274 | 3 | 言 | げん、ごん | こと、い(う) | word, say, speak | 口20 + 辛1432 sharp/piercing + (possibly) feelingsphon. = (by one theory) articulate speech |
289 | 3 | 指 | し | ゆび、さ(す) | finger, point | radical 扌/手32hand + 旨1312good (and perhaps useful) + branchphon. |
296 | 3 | 写 | しゃ | うつ(す/る) | copy, transcribe | 写真しゃしん(photo) 写真機しゃしんき(camera) |
323 | 3 | 身 | しん | み | body | was (pregnant woman) |
376 | 3 | 美 | び | うつく(しい) | beautiful, fine | 美人びじんa beauty/belle 美学びがくesthetics 大53big + 羊986sheep |
384 | 3 | 部 | ぶ、べ | part, section, clan, dept. | 学部がくぶdepartment (< obscure (spit/foo-mouth/division) + village) |
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387 | 3 | 物 | ぶつ、もつ | もの | thing | left side 牛97cow + right side NGU (now 中国語 only) variety of streamers yielding variegated cow, then creature, then thing. |
446 | 4 | 願 | がん | ねが(う) | request, wish | お願ねがいしま。 原107 from+big + 頁中国語head |
495 | 4 | 氏 | し | うじ | clan, family, Mr. | originally a ladle pictograph, became entangled with the glyph for hill 阜 (which yielded 阝) and associated with hilltop-dwelling nobles. |
496 | 4 | 史 | し | history, chronicler | a hand, holding a combination mouth/counting-stick, yielding a person counting out loud or a tallyer. | |
514 | 4 | 真 | しん | ま | true, quintessence | 真実しんじつ(truth) 真っ白まっしろ(pure white) |
544 | 治 | ち、じ | おさ(める)、なお(す) | govern, rule, cure | rad. 水40water + the ambiguous 台166platform/ self. Conjecture: Some believe this may borrow its meaning in connection with the name of some ancient 中国 river, Some theorize it may refer to self-water i.e. irrigation, metaphorically suggesting self-control and thereby self-government, later broadened. | |
584 | 4 | 法 | ほう、はつ | law | rad. 水40water + 去258double-lidded rice container (archaic) to metaphorically suggest containment of human behavior or legal constraint | |
602 | 4 | 類 | るい | resemble, variety(of), sort, semblance,
中国語: mythical raccoon-semblant creature |
種類しゅるいsort, kind 分類ぶんるいclassification 類似るいじresemblance 米201 in 米頁(similar rice heads) + 犬17dog (see 中国語, left). Replaced simpler dog-free kanji for resemble. |
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606 | 4 | 歴 | れき | history, path | 止129footprint/trail + 米米201rice plants + an ambiguous cliff radical = regularly spaced row of rice plants, later regular row or path, then metaphorically history or career path. | |
658 | 5 | 経 | けい、きょう | へ(る)、た(つ) | pass, sutra, longitude | 経済けいざいeconomy 経過けいかpassage < 糸27 thread + 巠(old 269) loom's guiding warp threads |
708 | 5 | 術 | じゅつ | すべ | means, technique | 行118go/roads + 朮(old 707)adhere (< hand w/ sticky rice bits) or + 述707followobs. + twistingphon. = twisting path adhered to |
724 | 政 | せい、しょう | まつりごと | government | 正41correct + 攵hand-with-stick = correct forcibly, hence govern(ment). | |
871 | 6 | 済 | さい、せい | す(む/ます) | settle, finish, concluded, put in order | 返済へんさいrepayment rad. 水40 water + 斉1473 equal (derived from offering of similar rice to the gods) + clear/purephon. = settled waterobs. |
914 | 6 | 専 | せん | もっぱ(ら) | exclusive, sole | 専門せんもん (specialty) 専攻せんこう (acad. major) 専制せんせい (despotism) :-) |
1006 | gen | 違 | い | ちが(う) | differ | いいえ、違います。 |
1247 | gen | 攻 | こう | せ(める) | attack | 専攻せんこう (specialty) |
1628 | gen | 哲 | てつ | wisdom | 口20mouth + 折522break + correctphon. + possibly divide/analyze hence correct-speech. I found further せつ puns with: + incisive (pun on 切) + integrity (pun on 節) + preach/explain (pun on 読) Could also mean words that level forests for all we know :-) (from origin of 折522 as 林75forest + 斤1176axe/axe-weight) | |
1910 | gen | 寮 | りょう | hostel, dormitory | radical 宀 building/house + lower part meaning sacrifice fuel + windowphon., originally referred to a house window (possibly smoke vent), later to a small building, now larger ones as noted. |
kanji | reading | meaning | uses/notes |
---|---|---|---|
山口 | やまぐち | mountain pass | [a name] |
写真 | しゃしん | picture(n.) | |
町田 | まちだ | rice field village | [a name] |
高田 | たかだ | watchtower rice field | [a name] |
名前 | なまえ | name | |
出身 | しゅっしん | origin, hometown | |
ゆうっくり | slower | ゆうっくり お願いします。 | |
オフィス | office | ||
エレベーター | elevator | ||
-ながら | while | ing...写真しゃしん を 指さしんがら… while pointing at the picture... |
|
scholastic | |||
大学 | だいがく | university | 第学生だいがくせい |
専攻 | せんこう | college major, specialization | see 専916sole, 攻1247attack |
学部 | がくぶ | acedemic dept. | see 部384 |
事務室 | じむしつ | administration office | 事293matters + 務795duty + 室136しつroom |
実験室 | じっけんしつ | laboratory (room) | 実296truth/reality + 験475examine + 室136しつroom |
ビル | building | ||
学年 | がくねん | school year | |
一年生 | いちねんせい | freshman | |
二年生 | にねんせい | sophomore | |
三年生 | さんねんせい | junior | |
四年生 | よんねんせい | senior | |
大学院生 | だいがくいんせい | grad student | see 院284 |
academic subjects | |||
人類学 | じんるいがく | anthropology | man-kind-ology see 類602 |
美術 | びじゅつ | art | beauteous technique see 美376, 術708 |
生物学 | せいぶつがく | biology | growing thing-ology see 物387 |
化学 | かがく | chemistry | change-ology see 化238 |
コンピュータ・サイエンス | C.S. | ||
経済学 | けいざいがく | economics | see 経658,済871さい |
教育学 | きょういくがく | education | teaching/raising-ology see 教101, 育227 |
工学 | こうがく | engineering | work-ology see 工113 |
外国語 | がいこくご | foreign languages | outside-country language see 外44, 国123 |
歴史学 | れきしがく | history | (event-)path record-ology see 歴606, 史496 |
法学 | ほうがく | law | law-ology see 法584 |
言語学 | げんごがく | linguistics | word-language-ology |
文学 | ぶんがく | literature | writings-ology see 文68 |
数学 | すうがく | mathematics | number-ology see 数151 |
音楽 | おんがく | music | sound-ology see 音6 |
哲学 | てつがく | philosophy | wisdom-ology see 哲1628 |
物理学 | ぶつりがく | physics | thing-reason-ology see 物387, 理220 |
政治学 | せいじがく | political science | govermental-rule-ology see 政724, 治544 |
社会学 | しゃかいがく | sociology | society-ology see 社137, 会87 |
英語 name | お国くに は どちら… |
何人… | 何語… | notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nippon | 日本 | 日本人 | 日本語 | |
America | アメリカ 米 |
アメリカ人 米人 |
えいご 英語 |
米、べい、is also (raw) rice 米軍、べいぐん、is US Army |
Brazil | バラジル | バラジル人 | ポルトガル語 | |
Canada | カナダ | カナダ人 | 英語 フランス語 |
|
China | ちゅごく 中国 |
中国人 | 中国語 | 中国 is Middle Kingdom |
Deutschland | ドイツ | ドイツ人 | ドイツ語 | The 日本語 name is based on Germany' native name |
England | イギリス | イギリス人 | 英語 | |
France | フランス | フランス人 | フランス語 | |
Hong Kong | ほんこん 香港 |
香港人 | 中国語 | |
Italia | イタリア | イタリア人 | イタリア語 | The 日本語 name is based on Italy's native name |
Mexico | メキシコ | メキシコ人 | スペイン語 | |
Russia | ロシア | ロシア人 | ロシア語 | |
Singapore | シンガポール | シンガポール人 | 英語、中国語 | |
South Korea | カンゴク 韓国 |
韓国人 | 韓国語 | |
Spain | スパイン | スパイン人 | スパイン語 | |
Taiwan | たいわん 台湾 |
台湾人 | 中国語 |